News Summary

• Generative AI has been promoted as the technology that could transform education by providing every student a personal tutor.
• We provide some of the first large-scale experimental evidence, from a two-year cluster randomized trial in 18 Tennessee middle schools.
• We evaluate access to a course-integrated generative AI (GenAI) tutor in a randomized controlled trial involving 2,379 undergraduate students and 30 instructors across multiple disciplines in a large u.s. public university.
• The binding constraint appears to be engagement: realizing the promise of AI tutoring will require getting students to use it, not just giving them access.