News Summary

• Kazakhstan is the only country to have joined both the American-led Pax Silica initiative and China's World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization.
• The unusual position has drawn scrutiny from Washington as the United States seeks to limit China's influence over AI technology and its supply chains.
• China, meanwhile, has rejected the idea that countries should be forced to choose sides.
• The pressure comes as AI becomes increasingly intertwined with national security, industry, energy, and infrastructure.
• But for now, Kazakhstan has not been forced to make that choice.